Structural Basis of the Mispairing of an Artificially Expanded Genetic Information System See

Relative to naturally occurring Watson-Crick base pairs, the synthetic nucleotide P pairs with Z within DNA duplexes through a unique hydrogen-bond arrangement. The loss of this synthetic genetic information by PCR results in the conversion of P-Z into a G-C base pair. Here, we show structural and spectroscopic evidence that the loss of this synthetic genetic information occurs via G-Z mispairing. Remarkably, the G-Z mispair is both plastic and pH dependent; it forms a double-hydrogen-bonded ...

Reichenbach, Linus F.; Sobri, Ahmad Ahmad; Zaccai, Nathan R.; Agnew, Christopher; Burton, Nicholas... et al.

The Political Economy of Higher Education Admission Standards and Participation Gap See

We build a political economy model allowing us to shed light on the empirically observed simultaneous increase in university size and participation gap. Parents differ in income and in the ability of their unique child. They vote over the minimum ability level required to attend public universities, which are tuition-free and financed by proportional income taxation. Parents can invest in private tutoring to help their child pass the admission test. A university participation gap emerges endo...

De Donder, Philippe; Martinez Mora, Francisco

Feature selection through validation and un-censoring of endovascular repair survival data for predicting the risk of re-intervention. See

BACKGROUND: Feature selection (FS) process is essential in the medical area as it reduces the effort and time needed for physicians to measure unnecessary features. Choosing useful variables is a difficult task with the presence of censoring which is the unique characteristic in survival analysis. Most survival FS methods depend on Cox's proportional hazard model; however, machine learning techniques (MLT) are preferred but not commonly used due to censoring. Techniques that have been propose...

Attallah, Omneya; Karthikesalingam, Alan; Holt, Peter J. E.; Thompson, Matthew M.; Sayers, Rob... et al.

Understanding Everyday Participation: the effect of place and space on patterns of participation in libraries and leisure centres See

Delrieu, Varina; Gibson, Lisanne

The relationship between maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in pregnancy and childhood adiposity and allergy: an observational study See

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D insufficiency (defined as <75 nmol/l) is widespread amongst pregnant women around the world and has been proposed to influence offspring outcomes in childhood and into adult life, including adiposity and allergy. Disorders including asthma and eczema are on the rise amongst children. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in pregnancy and offspring adiposity, asthma and eczema in childhood. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Maternal 2...

Boyle, Veronica T.; Thorstensen, Eric B.; Thompson, John M. D.; McCowan, Lesley M. E.; Mitchell, Edwin A.... et al.

Knowledge, skills and attitude of evidence-based medicine among obstetrics and gynaecology trainees: a questionnaire survey See

Objectives: To determine current evidence-based medicine skills and practice among trainees. Design: Questionnaire study. Setting: Electronic survey was sent to all obstetrics and gynaecology trainees in East Midlands South Deanery, and responses collected were anonymous. Participants: All obstetrics and gynaecology trainees in East Midland South Deanery. Main outcome measures: Self-reported attitude, skills and knowledge in various components of evidence-based medicine. Results: 6...

Jeve, Yadava Bapurao; Doshani, Angi; Singhal, Tanu; Konje, Justin

p73 Regulates Primary Cortical Neuron Metabolism: a Global Metabolic Profile. See

The transcription factor p73 has been demonstrated to play a significant role in survival and differentiation of neuronal stem cells. In this report, by employing comprehensive metabolic profile and mitochondrial bioenergetics analysis, we have explored the metabolic alterations in cortical neurons isolated from p73 N-terminal isoform specific knockout animals. We found that loss of the TAp73 or ΔNp73 triggers selective biochemical changes. In particular, p73 isoforms regulate sphingolipid an...

Agostini, Massimiliano; Niklison-Chirou, Maria Victoria; Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli, Margherita Maria; Grelli, Sandro; Di Daniele, Nicola... et al.

Geodemographic biases in crowdsourced knowledge websites: Do neighbours fill in the blanks? See

Crowdsourced knowledge websites such as Wikipedia and OpenStreetMap are increasingly attracting a critical literature which has highlighted the fact that the contributor bases of these sites are often geodemographically biased: drawn from more affluent and better educated segments of the population. However, while bias in contributors is well known, we know less about whether this also results in a bias in outcomes on these websites: or whether the partial portion of the population which does...

Bright, Jonathan; De Sabbata, Stefano; Lee, Sumin

Cryptochrome Is a Regulator of Synaptic Plasticity in the Visual System of Drosophila melanogaster See

Drosophila CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) is a blue light sensitive protein with a key role in circadian photoreception. A main feature of CRY is that light promotes an interaction with the circadian protein TIMELESS (TIM) resulting in their ubiquitination and degradation, a mechanism that contributes to the synchronization of the circadian clock to the environment. Moreover, CRY participates in non-circadian functions such as magnetoreception, modulation of neuronal firing, phototransduction and regulat...

Damulewicz, Milena; Mazzotta, Gabriella M.; Sartori, Elena; Rosato, Ezio; Costa, Rodolfo... et al.

Is Qualitative Research Becoming McDonaldized? See

The contention put forward by Ritzer (1993) that the McDonald's restaurant has become the model for the extension of bureaucratic and Scientific Management principles to diverse areas of contemporary social life has seized both the popular and the sociological imagination. The term ‘McDonaldization’ has entered both academic and lay discourses, and its four component themes of efficiency, calculability, predictability and control are seen as embodying current manifestations of an inexorably s...

Bryman, Alan; Beardsworth, Alan

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermodynamic Prediction of Liquid Fraction vs Temperature for Two High-Performance Alloys for Semi-Solid Processing (Al-Si-Cu-Mg (319s) and Al-Cu-Ag (201)) See

There is a need to extend the application of semi-solid processing (SSP) to higher performance alloys such as 319s (Al-Si-Cu-Mg) and 201 (Al-Cu-Ag). The melting of these two alloys was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermodynamic prediction. The alloys had been processed by magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) stirring before receipt to produce a microstructure suitable for SSP. The DSC results for the as-received MHD material were compared with those for material which ...

Zhang, Duyao; Atkinson, Helen V.; Dong, Hongbiao; Zhu, Qiang

In Silico Synthesis of Synthetic Receptors: A Polymerization Algorithm. See

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) synthetic receptors have proposed and applied applications in chemical extraction, sensors, assays, catalysis, targeted drug delivery, and direct inhibition of harmful chemicals and pathogens. However, they rely heavily on effective design for success. An algorithm has been written which mimics radical polymerization atomistically, accounting for chemical and spatial discrimination, hybridization, and geometric optimization. Synthetic ephedrine receptors we...

Cowen, Todd; Busato, Mirko; Karim, Kal; Piletsky, Sergey A.

Chromosomally Integrated Human Herpesvirus 6: Models of Viral Genome Release from the Telomere and Impacts on Human Health. See

Human herpesvirus 6A and 6B, alongside some other herpesviruses, have the striking capacity to integrate into telomeres, the terminal repeated regions of chromosomes. The chromosomally integrated forms, ciHHV-6A and ciHHV-6B, are proposed to be a state of latency and it has been shown that they can both be inherited if integration occurs in the germ line. The first step in full viral reactivation must be the release of the integrated viral genome from the telomere and here we propose various ...

Wood, Michael L.; Royle, Nicola J.

Recent autopolyploidization in a naturalized population of Mimulus guttatus (Phrymaceae) See

Polyploidization can trigger rapid changes in morphology, ecology and genomics even in the absence of associated hybridization. However, disentangling the immediate biological consequences of genome duplication from the evolutionary change that subsequently accumulates in polyploid lineages requires the identification and analysis of recently formed polyploids. We investigated the incidence of polyploidization in introduced populations of Mimulus guttatus in the UK and report the discovery of...

Simón-Porcar, Violeta I.; Silva, Jose L.; Meeus, Sofie; Higgins, James D.; Vallejo-Marín, Mario

Resolvase OsGEN1 Mediates DNA Repair by Homologous Recombination See

Yen1/GEN1 are canonical Holliday junction resolvases that belong to the RAD2/XPG family. In eukaryotes, such as budding yeast, mice, worms, and humans, Yen1/GEN1 work together with Mus81-Mms4/MUS81-EME1 and Slx1-Slx4/SLX1-SLX4 in DNA repair by homologous recombination to maintain genome stability. In plants, the biological function of Yen1/GEN1 remains largely unclear. In this study, we characterized the loss of function mutants of OsGEN1 and OsSEND1, a pair of paralogs of Yen1/GEN1 in ri...

Wang, Chong; Higgins, James D.; He, Yi; Lu, Pingli; Zhang, Dabing... et al.

Organization studies of inequality, with and beyond Piketty. See

Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the 21st Century did much to bring discussions of economic inequality into the intellectual and popular mainstream. This article indicates how business, management and organization studies can productively engage with Piketty’s book. It does this by deriving practical consequences from Piketty’s proposed division of intellectual labour in general and his account of ‘super-managers’ in particular. There are organizational specificities to inequality which Piketty’s ...

Dunne, Stephen; Grady, Jo; Weir, Kenneth

Low temperature alteration of magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE sulfides as a source for hydrothermal Ni and PGE ores: a quantitative approach using automated mineralogy See

Magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide assemblages are almost ubiquitously comprised of pyrrhotite-pentlandite-chalcopyrite(-pyrite). Sulfide alteration is common during syn- or post-magmatic fluid interaction, usually replacing sulfides with amphiboles or serpentine. However, some are altered to a low temperature (<200 °C) hydrothermal assemblage of pyrite-millerite-chalcopyrite (PMC). An example is the Ni-Cu-PGE mineralisation in the Grasvally-Norite-Pyroxenite-Anorthosite (GNPA) Member, northern Bushv...

Holwell, David A.; Adeyemi, Zeinab; Ward, Laura A.; Smith, Daniel J.; Graham, Shaun D.... et al.

Negotiating the Right to Remain after Brexit See

The United Kingdom’s expected departure from the free movement of persons of regime requires a resolution of the legal status of prior residents under EU law – ie EU-27 citizens in the United Kingdom, British citizens in EU-27 states, and third-country family members. The future status of these groups is covered by the art 50 TEU exit negotiations which commenced on 19 June 2017. This article will consider the provision for ‘rights to remain’ in an eventual art 50 agreement. The article will ...

Ryan, Bernard

Ultrasensitive detection of endotoxins using computationally designed nanoMIPs See

Novel molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) were designed for endotoxin from Escherichia coli 0111:B4, using computational modeling. The screening process based on binding energy between endotoxin and each monomer was performed with 21 commonly used monomers, resulting in the selection of itaconic acid, methacrylic acid and acrylamide as functional monomers due to their strong binding interaction with the endotoxin template. The nanoMIPs were successfully synthesized with fun...

Altintas, Zeynep; Abdin, Mohammed J.; Tothill, Alexander M.; Karim, Kal; Tothill, Ibtisam E.