A basis for harmonisation of accelerometer physical activity outcomes in epidemiology See

Introduction: To capitalise on the increasing availability of accelerometry data for epidemiological research it is desirable to compare and/or pool data from surveys worldwide. This study aimed to establish whether free-living physical activity outcomes can be considered equivalent between three research-grade accelerometer brands worn on the dominant and non-dominant wrist. Of prime interest were the average acceleration (ACC) and the intensity gradient (IG); these two metrics describ...

Rowlands, A; Plekhanova, T; Yates, T; Mirkes, E; Davies, M... et al.

Learning Words Via Reading: Contextual Diversity, Spacing, and Retrieval Effects in Adults See

We examined whether variations in contextual diversity, spacing, and retrieval practice influenced how well adults learned new words from reading experience. Eye movements were recorded as adults read novel words embedded in sentences. In the learning phase, unfamiliar words were presented either in the same sentence repeated four times (same context) or in four different sentences (diverse context). Spacing was manipulated by presenting the sentences under distributed or non‐distributed prac...

Pagán, Ascensión; Nation, Kate

Biologics for paediatric severe asthma: trick or TREAT? See

While most asthma in UK children can be controlled with low-moderate dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), there remains a small group with severe disease and poor control despite maximal treatment whose needs are unmet because of discrimination compared to adults. Severe asthma is a commissioned service for adults with only named specialist centres able to assess patients and prescribe biologics. A systematic assessment at a dedicated severe asthma centre is associated with improved quali...

Saglani, S; Bush, A; Carroll, W; Cunningham, S; Fleming, L... et al.

A Novel Separability Objective Function in CNN for Feature Extraction of SAR Images See

Convolutional neural network (CNN) has become a promising method for Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target recognition. Existing CNN models aim at seeking the best separation between classes, but rarely care about the separability of them. We performs a separability measure by analyzing the property of linear separability, and proposes an objective function for CNN to extract linearly separable features. The experimental results indicate the output features are linearly separable, and the cla...

Gao, Fei; Wang, Meng; Wang, Jun; Yang, Erfu; Zhou, Huiyu

The international dimensions of antimicrobial resistance: contextual factors shape distinct ethical challenges in South Africa, Sri Lanka and the United Kingdom See

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) describes the evolution of treatment-resistant pathogens, with potentially catastrophic consequences for human medicine. AMR is driven by the over-prescription of antibiotics, and could be reduced through consideration of the ethical dimensions of the dilemma faced by prescribers. This dilemma involves balancing apparently opposed interests of current and future patients and unique contextual factors in different countries, which may modify the core dilemma...

Krockow, E.; Tarrant, C.

Spatial Barriers and the Formation of Global Art Cities: The Case of Tokyo See

This paper addresses a neglected dimension of global cities research: how the idea of economic concentration, its surplus and consequent global influence can be applied to the art world. The research presented here relates to Tokyo as a well‐known example of a global city, advancing existing understandings of Tokyo from the neglected perspective of the arts. Based on qualitative and quantitative research by the author, including cultural and spatial mapping, interviews, ethnographic observati...

Morgner, C

Nostalgia, Homesickness and Emotional Formation on the Eighteenth-Century Grand Tour See

Nostalgia and homesickness were well-known eighteenth-century ailments. Undertaking protracted travels, Grand Tourists were potential sufferers, yet these emotional afflictions are absent from the Tour's lengthy lists of hazards. Querying this and applying history of emotions approaches to the histories of the Tour, masculinity and the family, this article examines how Tourists and tutors navigated nostalgia and homesickness as emotions that sat uneasily with the Tour's wider aims of masculin...

Goldsmith, Sarah

Modal Transition System Encoding of Featured Transition Systems See

Featured transition systems (FTSs) and modal transition systems (MTSs) are two of the most prominent and well-studied formalisms for modeling and analyzing behavioral variability as apparent in software product line engineering. On one hand, it is well-known that for finite behavior FTSs are strictly more expressive than MTSs, essentially due to the inability of MTSs to express logically constrained behavioral variability such as persistently exclusive behaviors. On the other hand, MTSs enjoy...

Varshosaz, Mahsa; Luthmann, Lars; Mohr, Paul; Lochau, Malte; Mousavi, Mohammad Reza

Motion integration is anisotropic during smooth pursuit eye movements. See

Smooth pursuit eye movements (pursuit) are used to minimize the retinal motion of moving objects. During pursuit, the pattern of motion on the retina carries not only information about the object movement, but also re-afferent information about the eye movement itself. The latter arises from the retinal flow of the stationary world in the direction opposite to the eye movement. To extract the global direction of motion of the tracked object and stationary world, the visual system needs to int...

Souto, D; Chudasama, J; Kerzel, D; Johnston, A

Hot Topics in Opioid Pharmacology: Mixed and Biased Opioids. See

Analgesic design and evaluation has been driven by the desire to create high affinity, high selectivity MOP (mu;µ) agonists. Such ligands are the mainstay of current clinical practice and include morphine and fentanyl. Advances in this sphere have come from designing pharmacokinetic advantage; rapid metabolism for remifentanil. These produce analgesia but also the adverse effect profile that currently defines this drug class; namely ventilatory depression, tolerance and abuse liability. ...

Azzam, A. A. H.; McDonald, J.; Lambert, D. G

NETWORK META-ANALYSIS OF DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDIES ALLOWING FOR MULTIPLE TESTS AT MULTIPLE THRESHOLDS FOR HEALTHCARE POLICY AND DECISION MAKING See

Objectives Network meta-analyses have extensively been used to compare the effectiveness of multiple interventions for healthcare policy and decision-making. Methods for evaluating the performance of multiple diagnostic tests are less established. In a decision-making context, we are often interested in comparing and ranking the performance of multiple diagnostic tests, at varying levels of test thresholds. The aim of this research was to develop a network meta-analysis framework for evaluat...

Owen, R; Cooper, NJ; Quinn, T; Sutton, A

Being home alone and babysitting: Responsibility, Competency and Risk See

Drawing on theories emanating from the ‘new sociology of childhood’ this paper sets out our analyses of children’s views concerning the age at which they can or should be left at home alone, and the age at which they can or should be able to babysit or look after another child on their own. These views were gathered from over 600 children in the UK aged 8-11 years, as part of an ESRCfunded research project; Law in Children’s Lives.1 The ground breaking feature of this study was the crea...

Watkins, D; Law, L-C; Barwick, J

Selectivity Effects on N, N, N′-Cobalt Catalyzed Ethylene Dimerization/Trimerization Dictated through Choice of Aluminoxane Cocatalyst See

The cobalt(II) chloride complexes, [2-(C 7 H 4 N 2 H)-8-(ArN)C 10 H 8 N]CoCl 2 (Ar = 2,6-Me 2 C 6 H 3 Co1; 2,6-Et 2 C 6 H 3 Co2; 2,6-i-Pr 2 C 6 H 3 Co3; 2,4,6-Me 3 C 6 H 2 Co4; 2,6-Et 2 -4-MeC 6 H 2 Co5; 2,4,6-t-Bu 3 C 6 H 2 Co6), have each been prepared by a one-pot template reaction of 2-benzoimidazolyl-5,6,7-trihydroquinolin-8-one with the corresponding aniline in the presence of cobalt dichloride. The molecular structures of the methanol adducts, Co1(HOMe) and Co4(HOMe), reveal distorted ...

Huang, Yongfeng; Zhang, Randi; Liang, Tongling; Hu, Xinquan; Solan, Gregory A.... et al.

Dogs, Servants and Masculinities: Writing About Danger on the Grand Tour See

The eighteenth‐century Grand Tour has typically been conceptualised as dominated by Classical aesthetics and Frenchified politeness. This article reconsiders the Grand Tour's status by examining how experiences of danger were constructed by aristocratic and gentry Grand Tourists and their families, friends and tutors. Based on their manuscript journals and letters and related publications, it identifies several narrative strategies, including the utilisation of servants and dogs as emotional ...

Goldsmith, Sarah

Understanding the global dynamics of the equatorial ionosphere in Africa for space weather capabilities: A science case for AfrequaMARN See

The equatorial region of the Earth's ionosphere is one of the most complex ionospheric regions due to its interactions, instabilities, and several unresolved questions regarding its dynamics, electrodynamics, and physical processes. The equatorial ionosphere overall spans three continents with the longest region being that over the African continent. Satellite observations have demonstrated that very large differences exist in the formation of ionospheric irregularities over the African secto...

Lawal, HA; Lester, M; Cowley, SWH; Milan, SE; Yeoman, TK... et al.

Take Control: A Randomized Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Self- Versus Physician-Managed Titration of Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) in Patients with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes See

Aim To compare the efficacy and safety of self‐ vs physician‐managed titration of insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla‐300), in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes. Methods Take Control (EudraCT number: 2015‐001626‐42) was a 24‐week, multinational, open‐label, controlled, 2‐arm, parallel‐group study in insulin‐naïve and pre‐treated patients, randomized 1:1 to a self‐ or physician‐managed titration of Gla‐300. The fasting self‐monitored plasma glucose (SMPG) target was 4.4–7.2...

Russell-Jones, D; Dauchy, A; Delgado, E; Dimitriadis, G; Frandsen, HA... et al.

Impact of fertiliser, water table, and warming on celery yield and CO2 and CH4 emissions from fenland agricultural peat. See

Peatlands are globally important areas for carbon preservation; although covering only 3% of global land area, they store 30% of total soil carbon. Lowland peat soils can also be very productive for agriculture, but their cultivation requires drainage as most crops are intolerant of root-zone anoxia. This leads to the creation of oxic conditions in which organic matter becomes vulnerable to mineralisation. Given the demand for high quality agricultural land, 40% of the UK's peatlands have bee...

Matysek, M; Leake, J; Banwart, S; Johnson, I; Page, S... et al.

Embedding multinational firms in regional business systems: neoliberal and social-democratic models in Spain See

The paper analyses how regional actors have mobilised to attract and retain foreign direct investment in two Spanish regions with different political approaches to the management of economic issues, including industrial relations. These regions are Madrid, the main pole of attraction of foreign direct investment in Spain, and Asturias, with a large tradition of heavy industry and a greater dependence on a small number of large employers. It finds the regions have adapted to international comp...

Gonzalez Menendez, MC; Luque Balbona, D; Pruneda, G; Almond, P

A Novel Adaptive Kalman Filter with Inaccurate Process and Measurement Noise Covariance Matrices See

In this paper, a novel variational Bayesian (VB)-based adaptive Kalman filter (VBAKF) for linear Gaussian state-space models with inaccurate process and measurement noise covariance matrices is proposed. By choosing inverse Wishart priors, the state together with the predicted error and measurement noise covariance matrices are inferred based on the VB approach. Simulation results for a target tracking example illustrate that the proposed VBAKF has better robustness to resist the uncertaintie...

Huang, Y; Zhang, Y; Wu, Z; Li, N; Chambers, J