Comparing Hypothetical and Real-Life Trolley Problems See

[First paragraph] The study by Bostyn, Sevenhant, and Roets (2018) was not the first to compare hypothetical and real-life trolley problems (see Gold, Colman, & Pulford, 2014; Gold, Pulford, & Colman, 2014, 2015). Bostyn et al. changed the victims to mice and the harm to electric shock. Some of the participants decided whether to press a button to redirect an electric shock from a cage containing five mice to a cage containing one; others imagined that they were faced with the same decisi...

Colman, Andrew M.; Gold, Natalie; Pulford, Briony D.

A Review of the Pacific Media Landscape: A Baseline Study See

This article draws upon the Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS) State of Media and Communication Report to examine the implications of a changing media landscape for journalism practice in the Pacific region. The report contributes to an understanding of the diverse media and communications environments in the Pacific Islands (PI) region and captures aspects of the variations both in media, and in context, across and within the 14 Pacific Islands countries. This article highlights the ne...

Papoutsaki, E; Thomas, V; Horst, H; Tacchi, J; Noske-Turner, J... et al.

Viagra for fetal growth restriction: STRIDER Consortium replies to letter by Symonds and Budge. See

[First paragraphs] We read with dismay and concern the misleading comments of Symonds and Budge regarding the Dutch STRIDER Trial based on selective information. Symonds and Budge erroneously stated that the “trial intervention resulted in 11 infant deaths due to lung related problems”. In fact, the study was stopped following an interim analysis that showed possible (but currently unproven) harm and likely lack of benefit (futility); and to allow detailed review and validation of the fin...

Kenny, LC; Alfirevic, Z; Baker, PN; Ganzevoort, W; Gluud, C... et al.

Press performance amid threats of terror: Exploring reporting thresholds and criticism in elite coverage of an Identity Cards Bill See

It is now commonplace to suggest that acts of terrorism on home soil impact the media’s ability to challenge the anti-terror policies that follow immediately from them. Still, complex contexts can emerge, and this article focuses on one that shapes a media response to a proposed UK anti-terror policy in 2006. It observes how proposed legislation for an identity card scheme, following closely after the 2005 London bombings, is reported in the elite press according to different ‘thresholds’. Em...

Matthews, J; Cameron, S

Fracking the Future: Framing Temporality in Political Contestations See

Despite scientific consensus on the need to rapidly decarbonize economic systems to limit global warming, the exploitation of fossil fuels continues unabated. This begs the question, why do we continue down this path? We argue that one reason is the way in which fossil fuel expansion is temporally framed. In this article, we examine the disputed development of hydraulic fracturing of shale gas (‘fracking’) in the United Kingdom. Through analysis of a series of public inquiries conducted by th...

Nyberg, D; Wright, C; Kirk, J

Evaluation of Emergent Mutations in Circulating Cell-Free DNA and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Panitumumab in the ASPECCT Study See

Background: Mutations in EGFR pathway genes are poor prognostic indicators in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Plasma analysis of cell-free DNA is a minimally invasive and highly sensitive method to detect somatic mutations in tumors.Methods: Plasma samples collected from panitumumab-treated patients in the ASPECCT study at baseline and safety follow-up (SFU) were analyzed by a next-generation sequencing-based approach for extended RAS mutant allele frequency as a continuous variab...

Peeters, M; Price, T; Boedigheimer, M; Kim, TW; Ruff, P... et al.

Using deep neural network with small dataset to predict material defects See

Deep neural network (DNN) exhibits state-of-the-art performance in many fields including microstructure recognition where big dataset is used in training. However, DNN trained by conventional methods with small datasets commonly shows worse performance than traditional machine learning methods, e.g. shallow neural network and support vector machine. This inherent limitation prevented the wide adoption of DNN in material study because collecting and assembling big dataset in material science i...

Feng, S; Zhou, H; Dong, H

What is the added value of the waist-to-hip ratio on top of the BIOSTAT risk prediction model in patients with heart failure? See

I read with great interest the article by Streng et al. published in the European Journal of Heart Failure. I congratulate the authors for a solid study design and very exciting results. Streng et al. conducted a very valuable study where 1479 patients with waist and hip measurements from the BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure (BIOSTAT‐CHF) validation cohort were analysed. The authors found that there was a significant association between waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) and...

Cao, TH

Immunosuppression Does Not Reduce Antitumor Efficacy See

I read with great interest the paper by Mahmood et al. The authors conducted a very valuable and interesting study of 35 patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-associated myocarditis compared with 105 ICI-treated patients without myocarditis in a multicenter registry with 8 sites. The study found that myocarditis developed at a median of 34 days in patients receiving ICIs for the treatment of cancer. Moreover, the authors indicated that there were higher serum troponin levels and maj...

Cao, TH

Associations of Mitochondrial and Nuclear Mitochondrial Variants and Genes with Seven Metabolic Traits See

Mitochondria (MT), the major site of cellular energy production, are under dual genetic control by 37 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes and numerous nuclear genes (MTnDNA). In the CHARGEmtDNA+ Consortium, we studied genetic associations of mtDNA and MT-nDNA associations with body mass index (BMI), waist-hip-ratio (WHR), glucose, insulin, HOMA-B, HOMA-IR and HbA1c. This 45-cohort collaboration comprised 70,775 (insulin) to 170,202 (BMI) pan-ancestry individuals. Validation and imputation of mtDN...

Erzurumluoglu, A; Kraja, AT; Liu, C; Fetterman, JL; Graff, M... et al.

Amyloidosis in the Era of Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics See

I read the paper by Kotecha et al. with great interest. Certainly, the authors conducted a very valuable and exciting study for which 286 patients were recruited, including 100 with systemic light-chain amyloidosis and 163 with cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis. The findings in this study by histology and cardiovascular magnetic resonance T2 mapping suggest that myocardial edema is a mechanism additional to amyloid infiltration in contributing to prognosis in amyloidosis

Cao, TH

The Assessment of Cerebrovascular Response to a Language Task from the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination in Cognitive Impairment: A Feasibility Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography Study See

Background: The incidence of dementia is predicted to rise rapidly, but sensitive diagnostic tests remain elusive. Changes in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) can occur at an early stage of cognitive decline, and can be measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD). Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the CBFv changes that occur in healthy older adults (HC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD), in response to a language task from the Adde...

Beishon, LC; Panerai, RB; Robinson, TG; Subramaniam, H; Haunton, VJ

Rank Matters: Police Leadership and the Authority of Rank See

Dominant discourse conceptualises leadership in the police as a rank-neutral activity. Despite the growing body of academic work in police leadership studies, critical analysis of the influence of rank is largely overlooked. The power and authority of rank have assumed a taken-for-granted and unquestioned status. The authority of rank, however, provides police officers with a powerful framework to understand leadership in the police. Drawing on the findings from 38 semi-structured interviews ...

Davis, C

Dynamic cerebral autoregulation: A marker of post-operative delirium? See

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the potential association of cerebral autoregulation (CA) with postoperative delirium (PD), a common complication of cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS: In patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with CPB, cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and blood pressure (BP) were continuously recorded during 5-min preoperatively (T1), after 24 h (T2), and 7 days after procedure (T3). Prospective multivariate logistic regression ...

Caldas, JR; Panerai, RB; Bor-Seng-Shu, E; Ferreira, GSR; Camara, L... et al.

On the evaluation of the Bauschinger effect in an austenitic stainless steel - The role of multi-scale residual stresses See

In this work, a physically based self-consistent model is developed and employed to examine the microscopic lattice response of pre-strained Type 316H polycrystalline austenitic stainless steel subjected to uniaxial tensile and compressive loading. The model is also used to explain the Bauschinger effect observed at the macroscopic length-scale. Formulated in a crystal based plasticity framework, the model incorporates detailed strengthening effects associated with different microstructural e...

Chen, B; Hu, J; Smith, DJ; Flewitt, PEJ; Cocks, ACF

The origin of nitrogen on Jupiter and Saturn from the N-15/N-14 ratio See

The Texas Echelon cross Echelle Spectrograph (TEXES), mounted on NASA’s Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF), was used to map mid-infrared ammonia absorption features on both Jupiter and Saturn in February 2013. Ammonia is the principle reservoir of nitrogen on the giant planets, and the ratio of isotopologues (15N/14N) can reveal insights into the molecular carrier (e.g., as N2 or NH3) of nitrogen to the forming protoplanets, and hence the source reservoirs from which these worlds accreted. W...

Fletcher, LN; Greathouse, TK; Orton, GS; Irwin, PGJ; Mousis, O... et al.

Fragmentation and solidarity in the artistic milieu of contemporary Paris: A perspective from Emile Durkheim See

Early 20th century Paris is considered to be one of the first art capitals in the world. However, there is, to date, no research on contemporary Paris that looks into the conditions and structure of its urban art scene. The aims of this paper are twofold: 1) to obtain an understanding of the conditions that prevent or separate the current artistic landscape from its former heydays, and 2) to embed the empirical data into a theoretical framework that can potentially be used to compare this sit...

Morgner, C

A Fast Method that Uses Polygenic Scores to Estimate the Variance Explained by Genome-wide Marker Panels and the Proportion of Variants Affecting a Trait See

Several methods have been proposed to estimate the variance in disease liability explained by large sets of genetic markers. However, current methods do not scale up well to large sample sizes. Linear mixed models require solving high-dimensional matrix equations, and methods that use polygenic scores are very computationally intensive. Here we propose a fast analytic method that uses polygenic scores, based on the formula for the non-centrality parameter of the association test of the score....

Palla, L; Dudbridge, F

Decomposition spaces, incidence algebras and Möbius inversion I: Basic theory See

This is the first in a series of papers devoted to the theory of decomposition spaces, a general framework for incidence algebras and Möbius inversion, where algebraic identities are realised by taking homotopy cardinality of equivalences of ∞-groupoids. A decomposition space is a simplicial ∞-groupoid satisfying an exactness condition, weaker than the Segal condition, expressed in terms of active and inert maps in [Figure presented]. Just as the Segal condition expresses composition, the new...

Gálvez-Carrillo, I; Kock, J; Tonks, A